Answer and Explanation 10

10.  C is the correct answer.  The proximal tubule is the point where the majority of sodium reabsorption occurs.  The majority of reabsorption mechanism involve active transport.  The sodium potassium ATPase transported by pumping sodium from the tubular cell across the basement membrane  generates a chemical gradient for movement of sodium across the membrane.

Question 10

10.  Where does the majority of the sodium reabsorption occur in the nephron?

A. Loop of Henle

B.  Distal Tubule

C.  Proximal  Tubule

D.  Bowman's Capsule
 

Answer and Explanation 9

9.  B is the correct answer.  Renal Cell Carcinoma is the most common kidney tumor in adults.  Wilms Tumors are the most common in children.  Angiomyolipomas are hamartomas that have a high fat content that do not require excision and they are benign.

Question 9

9.  Which of the following is the most common kidney tumors in adults?

A.  Renal Sarcoma

B.  Renal Cell Carcinoma

C.  Wilms Tumor

D.  Angiomyolipoma

Answer and Explanation 8

8.   A is the correct answer.  Trandate (Labetolol) is the best agent to use in pregnancy out of the above choices.  Cardizem is category C and should avoided because of the slowing of heart rate.  Diovan is category D and should be avoided.  Imdur is category B but is not routinely used in pregnancy.

Question 8

8.   Your patient is a 32 year old female that presents with a BP 189/92.  Her readings over the last couple visits have been consistently trending higher.  She is 32 weeks pregnant.  Which of the following is the safest anti hypertensive to use?

A.  Trandate

B.  Cardizem

C.  Diovan

D.  Imdur

Answer and Explanation 7

7.  B is the correct answer.  Ultrasound subjects the patient as well as the unborn fetus to the least amount of radiation.  Ultrasound does have its limitations.  Hydronephrosis is a common finding in third trimester pregnancy.  Specific attention will need to be made to ureter widening as well as any associated hematuria.  CT scans of the Abdomen and Pelvis should be avoided during pregnancy if all possible.  Kidney stones are best seen when the CT scans are done without contrast.  Intravenous pyelograms still provide a lot of radiation as well.  Cystoscopy too invasive of a procedure to do just to evaluate for kidney stones.